By: H.N. Nagaraja, M.D.

Understanding
exactly how a thyroid functions can be somewhat complex. We’ve heard of
over-active and under-active thyroids, but what does it all mean?

The
thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck.
The thyroid fits around the esophagus and windpipe, contains a gel-like
substance and is surrounded by a single layer of cells. The thyroid gland
produces several hormones that help regulate growth, metabolism and energy levels.

Thyroid
problems are common. However, most of the time, symptoms will appear gradually
over time. This makes it easier for symptoms to be misdiagnosed. Two common
thyroid problems are overactive thyroid and underactive thyroid.

Thyroid
overactivity – also called Hyperthyroidism – results in an abundance of
hormones caused by overstimulation by the body’s immune system. This can
produce jitteriness/shaking/nervousness, sweating, palpitations, weight loss,
insomnia, hyperactivity, fatigue, tremors, and anxiety. The most common cause
of Hyperthyroidism is a condition called Grave's disease.

Thyroid
underactivity – also called Hypothyroidism – is an equally severe problem. In
this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. This
results in a variety of symptoms including fatigue or lack of energy, weight
gain, feeling cold, dry, scaly skin and hair, heavy menstrual periods (women),
forgetfulness, constipation, a lower pulse rate, and slower reflexes.

An
endocrinologist can perform certain tests to measure the amount of hormones in
the blood, which may indicate a malfunctioning thyroid. Once the diagnosis is
made, the doctor can typically prescribe medications to help correct the
condition(s).

Dr.
Nagaraja is board certified in Endocrinology/Metabolism and Internal Medicine.
He has a special interest in thyroid conditions and offers extensive thyroid
medical services, including thyroid evaluation, thyroid ultrasound, ultrasound
fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer follow
up.  For more information or to schedule an appointment, call Noblesville
Diabetes & Endocrinology at (317) 776-3520.